Standardization and Adaptation Marketing Strategies Essay

Standardization and Adaptation Marketing Strategies - Essay Example The first strategy is standardization, commonly referred to as â€Å"standardization when necessary†. This is a marketing policy that involves the use of the same product, distribution networks, promotion and prices in all markets. This marketing strategy is employed to increase the quality of products and to streamline the distribution channels. It also uses same product promotion tactics and prices in virtually all environments. Brands such as Coca-cola, Nike, and Levis have used this marketing strategy in their global markets. Coca-cola, for example, sells the same product in all countries throughout the world. Standardization is normally embraced by companies who view the world as a global village where the consumers have same tastes, needs and desires and hence they use same product and strategy in all the markets. Adaptation strategy is the other approach that is has been used in marketing. This strategy entails adjusting products, distribution channels, promotion tactics as well as prices to every kind of market that a company operates in. This line of attack does not view the market as homogenous. It takes into consideration differences in culture, taste, consumer behaviour, government policies and infrastructure in every market. The users of this strategy, therefore, adjust their products, brands, design and labels to conform to a different environment, consumer behaviour and competitiveness. Factors such as national identity, language and climate are also considered in this approach. An illustration of a product that has clinched the adaptation strategy in its global market is cell phone manufacturer Nokia. The firm has over the years established its handsets to conform to the market needs. This has enabled Nokia to fully satisfy the needs of each of its local markets that could have otherwise remained unsatisfied had the company not used this approach. Adaptation strategy helps fully respond to the needs of the local consumers by using specific prices, distribution channels and promotion tactics based on the characteristics of the market.     

Lyric Explication - Patsy Cline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lyric Explication - Patsy Cline - Essay Example simile: scan: theme: The main theme of the lyric is the speaker's memory of his lost love and he is in all praise for her love. plot: The speaker is remembering the love of his one-time-beloved who has left only the memories. He finds several indications of her love for him and he is clear that only the memories of the woman remain. comment: The speaker is very passionate in his words and expresses his memory of the lost love. According to him, he has got only the memories of those good old days. The symbols that he uses as the signs or indications of his lost love are able to convey the man's feeling. It is truly a passionate relation that he has lost. Lyric Explication of "She's Got You" - Patsy Cline One of the most famous pop lyrics, "She's Got You" by Hank Cochran has been very strong in presenting the memory of a lost love. As predicted, it came to be a great hit when Patsy Cline first recorded and released in 1962. As she listened to the lyrics, Patsy was emotionally motivated by the power of the lyrics. She was sure about the quality of the lyrics and decided to approach it seriously. She recorded it at the next session. Significantly, there was profound agreement between Cline and her producer about a potential hit from the lyric. An explication of the lyric clarifies why Cline was greatly convinced about the potential of the lyric to become a success. There is a powerful theme running through the lyric and the lyricist has been able to make use of the best techniques to give the maximum effect to the lines. The verse speaks in volume about the feeling of love and the speaker in the lyric is extremely passionate in his voice when expressing his emotion on his lost love. A l yric explication of "She's Got You" substantiates...The symbols that he uses as the signs or indications of his lost love are able to convey the man's feeling. It is truly a passionate relation that he has lost. One of the most famous pop lyrics, "She's Got You" by Hank Cochran has been very strong in presenting the memory of a lost love. As predicted, it came to be a great hit when Patsy Cline first recorded and released in 1962. As she listened to the lyrics, Patsy was emotionally motivated by the power of the lyrics. She was sure about the quality of the lyrics and decided to approach it seriously. She recorded it at the next session. Significantly, there was profound agreement between Cline and her producer about a potential hit from the lyric. An explication of the lyric clarifies why Cline was greatly convinced about the potential of the lyric to become a success. There is a powerful theme running through the lyric and the lyricist has been able to make use of the best techniques to give the maximum effect to the lines. The verse speaks in volume about the feeling of love and the speaker in the lyric is extremely passionate in his voice when expressing his emotion on his lost love. A lyric explication of "She's Got You" substantiates the beauty of these lines and the importance of the lyrical techniques. The speaker's sweet memories of his beloved are presented by the lyricist in the most ef

Influence Of Media On The Public Behavior Sociology Essay

Influence Of Media On The Public Behavior Sociology Essay This research paper analyses the impact of Bollywood movies and generated ideas of romance and love marriage within middle and upper-middle class urban Pakistani marriages. It especially focuses on the influence of this on the acceptability of love marriages. It looks at selected samples of youngsters falling in the age group 17-29 and parents. Exceptions looked at are those falling outside the age group who had love marriages. The similarity of Indian and Pakistani mindset is scrutinized with respect to love marriages. It explores the issue of unacceptability of love marriages in Pakistan and the gradual changing trend. The vital role played by fantasy within Indian marriages is explored and the focal point is commercial Hindi films watched by the middle class of Karachi which fall within the genre of melodrama. Love marriages in bollywood are looked in depth. Finally the paper aims at exploring the factors responsible for the change in attitudes towards marriage and analysis of whe ther Bollywood movies influence is one of those factors which has considerably influenced the mindsets towards acceptance of love marriages in Pakistan. Research Question Have Bollywood movies influenced the increased acceptance of love marriages amongst the middle class of Karachi? Research Hypothesis Based on a review of literature as noted later in this proposal, there is one major hypothesis area that will guide the analysis of data i.e. Bollywood movies have influenced the increased acceptance of love marriages amongst the middle class of Karachi. Secondary Research Influence of Media on the public behavior How Does the Media Influence the Way People Behave? The influence of media on public behavior is becoming more and more significant as time is passing. With the development and advancement of new technology, it is possible to distribute media content pervasively with minimal costs. Because of a high demand and supply of media content, producers engage in competitive behavior and come up with new ways to catch attention of consumers. The type of content free media shows is solely dependent on the demand for media content. However, numerous research studies on the topic have revealed that media content can shape our thoughts and alter our behavior in a number of ways. The following part of the literature review will focus on the effects of media on the behavior and perception of the general population. Furthermore, a critical analysis of the impact of media on the conception of love marriages will be discussed with reference to research studies. Watching media content takes us into a different world or more specifically, a different level of consciousness. Media content not only arouses our cognitive neurons, but also changes our behavior if exposed frequently. The effect of media is not stopped even after exposure to media content is removed; instead it causes a lingering effect by initiating a gradual thought process that can lead to behavioral changes in many cases. A good example of behavioral manipulation caused by media content is the impact of action films on children. Research on television shows, movies, music and video games which contain violent behavior shows unequivocal connection between media violence and violent behavior in both short and long term (Anderson, et al., 2003). Empirical evidence shows children emulate violent behavior portrayed by the heroes in the movies thinking that they would be able to achieve their desired outcome though violent behavior just like hero tends to be victorious in the end of the movie. Children tend to adopt some behavioral aspects from media content over a long period of time. Moreover, some behavioral changes might change throughout the whole population as children adopt those behaviors as adults, practice those behaviors over others and leave a mark on the future generations. This is the reason why media is able to change some social norms that existed previously and why some nations are afraid o f cultural imperialism through media invasion. Media consumers, whether they know it or not, are affected by what they watch and what they see over a long period of time will still shape what they perceive as normal, thanks to oft-repeated themes and images in the land of movie love (Hefner, 2011). And while movies are not intended or expected to be entirely realistic, scholars of communication theorize that exposure to media like romantic comedies, especially for young people, can shape expectations about both romance and marriage, shifting adolescent perceptions about what love is like, and how to show it (McLanahan, 2008). Researchers followed 329 subjects over 15 years. They found that those who as children were exposed to violent TV shows were much more likely to later be convicted of crime. Researchers said that, Media violence can affect any child from any family, regardless of social class or parenting (Dispenza, 2011). All our actions are based on what we learn and what we know, and we as human beings learn by seeing and imitating. Following this trend of thought we can infer that as we see from movies, we tend to act accordingly, by the means of learning and practicing. Marriages When Frank Sinatra sang about love and marriage going together like a horse and carriage, he did not consider that to a great extent the cart is put before the ox. Marriages are arranged by parents in China, India and Indonesia three countries with 40% of the worlds population plus others that practice Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. Pakistan is one such country where arranged marriages are practiced and dating is not permissible. Couples might get a 15-minute meeting followed in a few months by a wedding. But sparks are flying, and love marriages are breaking out in India, the worlds largest democracy, with 1.1 billion people.  CEO Raju Reddy of Sierra Atlantic in India, himself in an arranged marriage to childhood friend Neeraja, was surprised to learn at the Sierra Atlantic holiday party in December that about a dozen love marriages have germinated in recent years at the 13-year-old company. The Indian government does not differentiate in its marriage statistics. But young Indians interviewed say their observations suggest that 10% to 20% of their friends are having love marriages, and expert Poonam Barua, director of the Conference Boards India Operations, says that is probably true in most of Indias cities. Bollywood movies such as  Salaam Namaste  are based on the old formula of boy meeting girl and eventually fall in love. It will be decades, if ever, before love marriages dominate worldwide. In India, the trend is specific to the middle class of 350 million, not to the 70% of the country that remains rural. But the trend is undeniable, says Barua, whose niece began a love marriage on Feb. 2 with an Indian working for Citibank. Chambravalli and Mishra say if they have children, they also will be allowed to search for true love. In the meantime, Mom and Dad will be on the lookout. Plan A and Plan B, Mishra says. It seems like the neighbouring country Pakistan has been much influenced with this breakout of love marriages too. Similarity of Indian and Pakistani Mindset This section of the literature review focuses on how the Pakistani society and its mindset is similar to that of India which has led us to use most of our secondary research with regard to the Indian population. The fact that India and Pakistan have shared the same history coupled with the reality that both nations stand next to each other in the topographical location of the world map alone can point out how similar the thinking of these nations can be at one point in time and this section specifically focuses on the aspects through which the mindsets of the populations of these two nations can be hold similar. Originally, Pakistan and India have been a part of the same Indus civilization which has led them to having similar experiences and influences across decades. Before separation, Pakistan and India shared the same goal of freedom against the colonial rule and they were united in their fight against the British. Because of the division, a multitude of issues occurred regarding the distribution of power and dominance over the new nations and these resulted in frustration which turned the countries bitter towards each other. (India and Pakistan historic conflict and future outlooks, 2003). India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, all comprised the sub-continent at that time and the people residing in Hindustan lived together except the religious and cultural differences that had led to extremely brutal reactions and vast bloodshed at times, but this is only one side of the story the other side sticks to the fact that before the arrival of east India company in 1600 a mental asylum was created which reflects the sense of hospitability among the population there to take care of the mentally ill people as well as their society (S Sharma, 10/1984 ). This sense of love and affection is still present in both Pakistani and Indian community when residents of both countries visit the one another  [i]  . Furthermore, the established fact that the people of Pakistan came from the subcontinent makes it likely that the mind set of both the nations is parallel. Politically, both the countries have more or less a similar government structure consisting of the head of the country as the President, followed by the head of the government known as the prime minister and elected ministers who are answerable to the prime ministers. Despite the coups and political violations in both the countries, they manage to hold democratic elections. Due to all the similarities in their political framework, working alongside each other would be a lot less of a hassle as there are no starkly alien political systems to contend with. The economic structures of both the countries also hold a lot of similarities. The rates of unemployment and inflation are around 6% in both the countries. Indias 63% of workforce is concentrated mainly in the production primary goods and is self sufficient in food grains and it also produces cotton, tea, sugarcane, tobacco for export. Similarly, Pakistan also has more than 50% of its population involved in agriculture and the rates of labor involved in secondary and tertiary activities in both the countries are also similar which indicate high success rates of free trade agreements if both the countries agree for it.  [1]   As per the similarities among their cities, the two extreme ends of poverty and wealth in the city of Bombay bear a strange resemblance to that of the two extremes of living standards in Karachi. Bombay, like Karachi, is an industrial port city, plagued by over population, with colonial architecture dominating certain parts of town, and only the distance of 500 miles separating the two cities. The affinity between the two cities is not confined to the infrastructure and the living habitat, but even the afternoon breeze racing in from the sea at the verandah of the Bombay Gymkhana, is a de ja vu of the experience at the Karachi Gymkhana. Focusing on the differences between Bombay and Karachi, the most attention drawing aspect is the absence of statues in Karachi. We have monuments of fountains and swords and mountaintops in the middle of a landslide depicting Pakistans first successful nuclear test in 1998 but unlike Bombay, we have no statues of people. And then there is the city of Madras, which is a city that belongs clearly to the same region as Karachi and that is where their similarities end. The realization of being present in Southern India when in Madras is inevitable at all times, as Pakistanis, our association is stronger with the Northern India. For the students (of Stella Maris College), when asked which South Asian country they most strongly associated with, responded unanimously as Pakistan in complete contradiction to anyones expectations. When enquired as to why the students correlate with Pakistan, they replied that Pakistan had been a part of India. And when asked if they felt the same affinity towards Bangladesh, they declined profusely. (India and Pakistan historic conflict and future outlooks, 2003) To conclude, the mindset of both the nations can be attributed to be similar because of the sole reason that their forefathers have spent years together which has made their traditions, political systems, economic stances as being similar. It is the matter of self interest which has made the two countries apart like Kashmir issue is one where a conflict of interest between both the nations is seen. Apart from that religion has always been a major source of division and this is one subject where definitely no consensus can be reached as everybody has a right to religion. Models of Marriage Marriages can be put in four categories in Pakistan. There are: Partially Arranged Marriages Partially Love Marriages Totally Arranged Marriages Totally Love Marriages Totally arranged marriages and totally love marriages are two extreme forms of marriages and between these two extremes are Partially arranged and partially love marriages in which parents may take their selection and give their children the option to accept or reject their choice. Broadly these can fall under the two types of marriages (in India and Pakistan): Arranged and Love, as explained by Kavita Ramdya in her book Bollywood Weddings. These models are diametrically opposed. Love marriage will often involve a whimsical and incidental meeting followed by months and often years of dating. The arranged marriage excludes dating altogether and rarely allows for more than one meeting before the wedding day. When the boy and girl, words used to describe prospective marriage candidates despite their age, profession, or education, meet for the  ¬Ã‚ rst time, it is usually in a highly-regulated environment where both sets of parents sit in the same room accompanied by supportive extend ed family members. A wedding follows shortly thereafter, making it the second time the couple is allowed to see each other and after which the husband and wife embark on years of dating or getting to know one another without the nagging possibility of rejection. In the middle class, often family members stay on a lookout finding a suitable match, or a number of suitable matches. Then, the families meet to see if things work out. Long before this happens, though, the young men and women are carefully vetted for likes and dislikes, traits in common, complementary characteristics, and any other information that can be discovered and deemed relevant. Often, the process is much more informal, with the families in the community already knowing much about each other, and having already decided what could be potentially good pairings, and which may well be disastrous. The two opposed models of marriage are negotiated by the present generation as observed by Kavita Ramdya. Her examination led her to discover a middle path, which she called arranged meetings. Arranged meetings is an already negotiated and well-established third model for marrying. The second generation uses this method to  ¬Ã‚ lter out prospective marital candidates who do not have the right ethnic, religious, linguistic, and regional traits desired by their parents. In this way, neither arranged nor love marriage are excluded and the needs and desires of both generations are respected. The  ¬Ã‚ rst generation is still involved in  ¬Ã‚ nding a suitable partner for their child, whether through introductions by family and friends, or placing an ad on-line or in a newspaper. Additionally, candidates who do not come from the same religious sect, speak the desired dialect are cast away before a set of eligible prospects are considered. (Ramdya) Prevalence of Arranged Marriages Family forms the building block of a society. Human beings in turn follow the standards and norms set by the society to lead a perfect life. But everything is prone to change and so are the values and standards set by a society. In the same way, the ways of getting married are changing at a noticeable but slow pace. East is known for its traditions. Many countries in the East have been practicing arranged marriages since long. It is a known fact that love marriages are more common in the west than in the eastern countries. In Pakistan, marriages are most of the time arranged by family members. The reason is that the Pakistani society preserves family continuity through arranged marriages. collectivist societies like Pakistan prefer group decision over an individual one so marriages are a family affair rather than an individual one, and children are brought up to expect arranged marriages. It is seen that children can have veto power in few families but normally it is expected that the parents and other family members should commence and settle on the matter. In this society, marriage is not merely based on love relationships but family economics and social needs play a great role. Changing Trend of Marriages A couple of decades ago arranged marriage was the only known way to get married. But today it is not so. We see many Pakistani girls  and guys marrying by their own choice instead of that of their family. Love marriages are becoming more and more acceptable. Most of the marriages are arranged in Pakistan but some of the marriages are also based on love. Love marriages have been taking place in Pakistan in the last few years with the influx of western cultures and invasion of electronic media. Due to family obligations the trends of compromising and striving to sustain relationships have become the hallmark of eastern culture. However, this fact could not be denied that these trends are eroding day by day. People realize that the traditional system of totally arranged marriages needs to be adjusted. Partially arranged and partially love marriages are supported by the state religion. Today the exposure to various stimuli through the media has increased awareness. The improved education system could also be held responsible for this change. As compared to the previous years, the literacy rate among the Pakistani Women has increased by leaps and bounds over the past couple of decades. Education gives exposure and a sense of enlightenment. Women have become opinionated and smart. Many young women are given the right to exercise their choice in choosing a partner and the family members accept and support their decision. Dating agencies are emerging and proclaiming that although compatible partners inclined to marriage cant be picked off a supermarket shelf, they can be found on a website. Most work on the false assertion that a good profile and an insignificant  financial investment  is the only obstacle standing between you and the love of your life. If they are to be believed, a couple of cheesy emails can determine your compatibility. In a typical electronic dating set-up, the average person role plays in a desperate bid to make an impression.   It seems that love marriages are trending but we cannot deny the fact that the practice of an arranged marriage still heavily prevails in our society. Many times, the young individuals prefer not to take the decision themselves and they rely upon the family to find the best match for them. Gender Interaction The gender interactions part focuses on the evolving nature of interactions between male and female students and the resultant effect of this change on their marriage choices. Title: Student Attitude toward Mate selection in a Muslim Society: Pakistan Author: Henry Korson Journal: (Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Feb., 1969), pp. 153-165) The study was conducted on 765 participants in two universities of Pakistan (University of Karachi and University of Punjab) and provides a treasure trove of vital insights into how marriage was viewed by students in urban Pakistan 40 years ago. The study results showed that atleast a quarter of respondents believed that the choice of life-partner should be left to them, while another quarter wanted their parents to consult them before making the final decision. This showed that over 50% of the respondents in that era wanted to have a say in the final decision of their life-partner. Another question that was asked was if the respondents would make a completely independent choice when it comes to marriage to which only 3.8% respondents replied positively. 17.1% female respondents from Karachi and 16.7% female respondents from Lahore also believed that their parents would arrange their marriage without consulting them. This is in contrast to the 45% female respondents from Karachi and 52% female respondents from Lahore who said their families will accept their opinions on the life-partner. Keeping in mind that these are graduate students from the 1960s when education for women was still at a nascent stage in Pakistan, they can only be classified as a minority. The women belonged to wealthy, forward-thinking families who were amongst the first to educate their daughters and thus had a progressive mindset. They were open to the idea of their daughters having a say in their own marriage decision but were not yet willing to accept their daughters to have complete cont rol over the decision. This is reflected by the fact that only 9.8% of female students from Karachi and 6.3% of female students from Lahore believed that their families would accept their decision of marriage if it was their own personal initiative. One of the most interesting statistic provided by this study revealed that upto 30% of the sample believed that meeting ones spouse before marriage was unnecessary. Females from Karachi (44%) and Lahore (47%) showed a great liking to this option thus showing confidence in their parents ability to choose the right spouse for them. This mindset is unthinkable amongst most contemporary university students of Karachi and Lahore who are more independent compared to their counterparts of yesteryears. The combination of higher education, globalization and media local, Bollywood and western has resulted in a mindset where the choice of life partner is no more the sole domain of the individuals parents. Moreover, the need to meet the prospective spouse whether alone, with mutual friends or with family has become paramount before the final decision is made. Students today believe that couples should have understanding and this can only be gauged if there is some level of interaction before the marriage. The above mentioned statistic was further reinforced when the students were asked about the optimum length of time for knowing ones future spouse before marriage. Although a quarter of the respondents did say that knowing ones future spouse for about 6 months is necessary, the majority of these respondents were male. 34.5% of female respondents from Karachi and 27.1% of female respondents from Lahore were of the view that there was no need to know ones spouse before marriage again indicating confidence in their parents ability to choose a spouse who was appropriate for them. The conclusions that Korson derives are insightful and can be used to explain todays phenomena of how traditional arranged marriages are wearing away. Korson says that because most families live in extended households, the presence of senior members of the family prevent any young student from initiating any change which runs counter to the belief systems held by the senior members. Uncles, aunts, grand-parents ensure that the parents conservative view is supported and reinforced within the family. This is primarily because of the belief that if one person is given leeway in deciding their marriage decision, others in the family will follow suit, thus creating disorder and depriving the senior members of their authority. Korson further states that male respondents showed greater self-assurance and liberality in their responses whereas majority of females favoured conservative options. This is probably because of both males and females already understanding their own personal situations. He believed their answers on what they believed will happen with them with respect to marriage were based on the experience of someone close (sibling, cousin, friend) who had already been married and the respondents belief that their marriage will be conducted in the same manner because they belonged to the same caste, class or family. The last and most notable finding that Korson reveals is that the Pakistani university system is based on Western education and that in the race to achieving higher education (and resultant higher social standing), people are bound to be in touch with Western values and principles and to be influenced by them. The mindset of collectivism that is the root of traditional arranged marriages where it is popularly said that families marry each other will gradually and eventually be trumped by the Western ideal of individualism students will begin to make their marriage decisions based on their own personal liking instead of following age-old conservative customs entrenched in their baradaries . Today this mindset of individualism has taken hold in the mindset of urban educated youth who are striving to ensure that their decision be respected and upheld when it comes to marriage. The Western education system in combination with media (primarily progressive and romantic Bollywood films of the last decade and a half) have led the youth to question the conservative practices that were previously held with much respect. Title: Attitudes of University Students from India Toward Marriage and Family Life Authors: Vicki T. Davis and Raghu N. Singh Journal: International Journal of Sociology of the Family 1989, Vol. 19 (Autum) : 43-57 In this research, 83 Indian students in Texas Universities were asked about their opinions on marriage and family life. The report says that many social institutions in India have faced constant and gradual change. In India, the family is a very sacred institution and ranks second in importance after religion (Rao Rao, 1975). Many researches have been conducted to explore the impact of higher education on family patterns. When people go abroad to study, they experience greater freedom to make their own decisions and are no more bound by the controls of their families, and develop individuality, which may affect all family patterns of dwelling (Ross, 1961). In Rao Raos study (1976), 65% college students preferred nuclear families as compared to 35% supporting joint families. A study by Sharma and Shriram (1979) surveyed 25 newly married Indian couples about their opinions on the selection of marriage partners. The importance of interaction with their future partners was stressed by 80% of the respondents. These couples believed it was necessary to meet, socialize with, and have the opportunity to truly get to know the potential marriage partner. The majority of the couples also thought that the main choice in the selection of the marital partner should be made by the individuals, with consent of the parents. When the same kind of questions were asked of graduate students in Pakistan in 1969, 65% believed it was important to meet and know ones potential spouse before marriage. 30% of the respondents believed that there was no need to meet the future spouse, thus indicating their confidence in their parents ability to find them a suitabl e match (Korson, 1969) Author: Lord, Keelin (2007) Title: Romantic Love vs. Marriage: A Psychoanalytic Approach, Journal: ESSAI: Vol. 5, Article 30. The research by Keelin Lord questions and critcizes Western countries for promoting the concept of love marriage and explains the reasons behind the failure of love marriages and the rising number of divorces in America. Although there are many reasons why Pakistanis oppose the concept of love marriage including difference in social status between families, loss of parental authority and conservative mindset, the fact that love marriages lose their charm soon after the wedding is also an important factor. The writer says that the vehicle for promoting romance in American culture is its cinema industry. Romantic love has been portrayed in visual arts of western culture for centuries, such as operas, plays, dramas, paintings and films. Although these arts directly influence culture, most view art as an illusion as well as an escape from reality. Yet Americans still believe that romantic love is tangible and serves as a solid base for marriage. The writer further goes on to say that instead of taking romantic love as granted, it should be questioned and its mistakes should be learned from otherwise it will continue to be the cause of failed marriages. The writer conducted scientific tests on a number of participants to explain how the concept of love holds in an individuals mind. The tests revealed that romantic love is associated with higher levels of dopamine being released to the brain resulting in increased energy, higher motivation to acquite rewards and feelings of ecstasy things that people relate to romantic love. However, with time the feelings of romance fade away because of increased levels of the hormone oxytocin. Keeping these findings in mind, when romance is a base for marriage and attachment, the romance fades shortly after vows and the craving for a new romantic relationship evolves. In realizing this, one would begin to question why peoples now look for romance to provide them with a happy marriage. Primary Research Methodology Focus Group Interview Survey The survey sample was 66, with the age group being 17-26 years. 31 males were part of the survey and 35 females. This is the data that was obtained for whether the sample people thought there has been an increased acceptance of love marriages in our society. Do you think there has been an acceptance of love marriages in our society? Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent Yes 55 83.3 83.3 No 11 16.7 100.0 Total 66 100.0 83.3% of the people (55 people) felt that there has been an increased acceptance of love marriages in our society and 16.6% (11 people) did not feel so. Of the 55 people who felt there was an increased acceptance, 28 were females and 27 males. And there was no correlation between gender and their opinion regarding acceptance of love marriages though, as analyzed by the Pearson correlation. When asked about whether Bollywood has played a role in the increasing number of love marriages amongst youth in Pakistan, 71.2% of people felt that it has had a role to play (47 people). Of these 47 people, 22 were males and 25 were females. Do you believe Bollywood movies have a role to play in the increasing number of love marriages amongst youth in Pakistan? Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 47 71.2 71.2 No 19 28.8 28.8 100.0 Total 66 100.0 One person said As far as I have seen, Bollywood movies have created this fantasy-like image of love marriages in the minds of youth and lead to our youth to aspi

The Tyrant rulers of people who mean to

â€Å"†¦tours the underworld and sees a swarm of anguished souls, barred from heaven and hell doomed to limbo. They were the neutrals whose lives meant nothing...† (Pg. 326- the great refusal) Throughout the course of our history we have been exposed to such brutality, and inevitable suffering of individuals seeking out a freedom that was rightfully theirs. Just as Marjane from the veil did, martin Luther king was in the path of soon becoming the next millennium. With the help of the declaration of independence they would reclaim the god given rights of the people whom had become oblivious and had no true leader to end their suffering. The declaration of independence (1st draft) states that all men have unalienable rights. Rights that consisting of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. However when these ends are violated by the very government that was implemented for protection, it is the responsibility of the people to overthrow that government. â€Å"He has waged cruel war against human nature itself†¦ the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The declaration of independence gives countries the liberty to rule as independent states. However it gives people full power in certifying that the government implemented in each state does not violate his position as leader. When a leader like the Christian king of Great Britain violates such â€Å"sacred rights† like those of liberty and life; when they took those natives against their will making them slaves when they had done nothing to him; People would have the choice to come in unison a nd remove whoever violates the security of freedom. In 1980 it becomes obligatory for girls to wear a veil to school. The girls not unders... ...e declaration that we all are in possession of our own â€Å"Life, Liberty and pursued of happiness† meaning that all race, gender and religious people in America have the rights to; be self-independent, free to live their own life, and free to live any kind of life style they please. In the veil the women and girls are forced to wear a veil. When Marjane heard about the first great prophet in Zarathustra she too wanted everyone to treat each other with a good manor, to show respect, and be fair with one another in the society. So she promises to bring justice, love and the wrath of god to ever one. Martin Luther king Jr and Marjane were too regular personnel’s who chose to change the destiny of their country and with the help of the declaration of independence were on their way to becoming the next millennium helping everyone else wake up from oblivion and take a stand.

Importance of International Trade Essay

Discuss the importance of international trade to the company’s business (4.1) International trade is very important in this era for every international company, trade (export/import) in capital, goods and services between countries. This topic discussion about Virgin Atlantic Airways, for them international is very vital in commercial flight business. What is the importance of Virgin Atlantic Airways do international trade? As an international company, their business target to various countries. If not business internationally, company cannot running the company’s goals. In other side Virgin Atlantic Airways have benefit a larger sales market. It means open opportunities for market expansion (slide benefit) Market expansion is efforts to expand the market with the aim of increasing sales, networking and brand awareness. How to increasing brand awareness? For recommendation Virgin Atlantic Airways could build positive image such as little percentage of income used to hel p starving children in Africa. This will be known by many people and increase positive image. It will impact company’s sales, could be the people’s choice because this positive image indirectly. What is exported by Virgin Atlantic Airways ? Flight services for a lot of people. As example flight services to various countries such as Delhi, Hong Kong, Sydney, Cape Town, Boston, Chicago, Las Vegas, New York, Tokyo, etc. (Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd, 2013) Analyze about it, Virgin Atlantic Airways already do the right steps to build the company from scratch in 1984 with the goal of becoming a global aviation company (international). Then exported service is done need to be added again to the countries that have not expanded as Eastern Europe and South East Asia. http://www.virgin-atlantic.com/tridion/images/factsheetcompanyoverview_tcm4-426059.pdf One of impact importance international trade is company can see suitable market internationally, indirectly forcing the company to do market research before ma king business decisions. Otherwise if company just focus on domestic market, they just know about domestic not until international. That implication for company does international trade. As recommendation importance of international trade for Virgin Atlantic Airways can more focus to the market a range of Asian countries such as South East Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, etc) which have a large enough population Because in this region have high levels of flight activity is quite high. It prove by Air Asia, one of the company that owned by Malaysian businessman. They focus on low cost fares flight in South East Asia. Air Asia very success in that sector with get a lot of income. This is right decision to choose suitable market as the focus of the company. If Virgin Atlantic Airways wants to success in International trade, develop ability to identify the suitable market. Second recommendation to strengthen the company’s network in each country market made ​​by Virgin Atlantic Airways in the context of international trade services, could put the reliable person to handle and provide a report to the center as a reference for developing the business in the future. Local people taking local who has extensive knowledge of the business activity in order to further strengthen the company in the face of shared problems in the country. Another importance of international trade is when entered international market, will be a lot of options for customers to choose which product is best or Consumers benefit from increased competition. Analyze about it, increase in competition that opportunity for Virgin Atlantic Airways compete and prove that the airline is the best among the others. As example always consistently provide best service to customers in schedule. Schedule can be advantage for Virgin more timely than any other airline. This is o ne of the most common disadvantages owned by almost every airline around the world. Virgin Atlantic Airways has been able to prove the exact time in the flight schedule. It rarely owned by other airlines because Virgin guided time is very important to customers. At least not to make customers wait for long time if there is any problem. (Slide benefit) nations benefit from foreign investment and standard of living increase * Economic alliances typically lead to political agreements Evaluate the impact of global factors to the company’s business (4.2) Global factor is the factors that affect company how to run business with conform to trend and something happening globally. In fact, global factor affect company’s strategy to do success business. Every country or place has different culture (global factors). In Indonesia, social factors very affect where almost people like discounts event such as trends if there are discounts in a transaction, the product is likely to be sold. The consumer culture can be used to make virgin Atlantic airways discount tickets through

State and Poem

Journal: â€Å"Sun in My Skin† Robert Johnson The poem â€Å"Sun in My Skin† is a poem that comprises of a Bahamian man who expresses a love for his Bahamian culture. He portrays what it truly means to be â€Å"Bahamian. Johnson shows love of his culture when he states â€Å"But in my brash vibrating arm the cowbell dances† Also he shows pride in our country considering the state we are in when he states â€Å"And when I go to banquets, the food don’t agree with me†.The main focus of the poem is how the writer exquisitely expresses his way of life and how being Bahamian makes him proud. Johnson feels as though being Bahamian is not all about being rich, but to stand up rightfully as people maintaining a peaceful and tranquil Bahama land. The poem also talks about â€Å"rich and cultivated† which means Johnson feels no matter what state, race or situation our country is in, nothing makes him less of a Bahamian. I feel as though the poem is a commemoration of our culture and way of life.How as people, we must fend for ourselves rightfully as â€Å"Bahamians†. I also feel that Johnson had a sense of excitement towards the poem; expressing himself effectively. Other significances are the sun which reflects on our beautiful Bahama land and the cowbells signify the love for our culture and the excitement it brings to the lives of many. The poem â€Å"Sun in My Skin† is one of the many poems that reflect on what it means to truly be Bahamian.

The term digital technology” refers to the technology that is electronic or computer based The WritePass Journal

The term digital technology† refers to the technology that is electronic or computer based The term digital technology† refers to the technology that is electronic or computer based Introduction Digital marketing and communicationParadigm on Customer Loyalty and branding communications in the field of digital marketing communications E-Marketing Mix.E-product strategiesE-price strategiesE-place strategiesE-promotion strategiesConsumer online buying behavior. Online marketer’s persuasion tools and the Web experience Consumer Relationship management and ICTCRM: DEFINITION AND BENEFITS EVALUATION ICT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND CRM BENEFITS References Related Introduction The term digital technology† refers to the technology that is electronic or computer based, . The field of digital technology is incessantly evolving and has dramatically changed the way of communication in a variety of arenas. Digital technology has made its mark in the technology world; everything is seemed to be inspired by it. Things had become easy and handy to maintain. It is so vast that now we have different types of digital media available that are run on different platforms but they have a common character that is they all use digital technology. Digital technology enforces an electronic media in to new world. Computer, Television, audio/video devices, I Pods, cellular phones etc. The effect of the digital media is common everywhere. , Newspapers books and magazines are also become digital. This is because of the latest facilities and features that digital technology provides to its end users. Digital marketing and communication The concept of â€Å"digital marketing† has been used more frequently and operationally, where as the theoretical understanding and comprehensive models of  Ã‚   why and how to use different digital channels are still in developing process. Urban (2004) suggests,   â€Å"The Digital marketing uses the Internet and information technology to extend and improve traditional marketing functions.† He relates all the traditional 4 P’s, and focused on both customer retention and acquisition.  Ã‚   Terms like   â€Å"interactive marketing,† â€Å"one-to-one marketing,† and â€Å"e-marketing† are close to digital marketing, but neither are they defined very precisely. Coviello et al,(2001) define e marketing as â€Å"using the Internet and other interactive technologies to link the firm with the identified or targeted customers.   They consider e- marketing as a subject of e-commerce. They focused e- marketing as managing continuous IT-enabl ed relationships with consumers by forming dialogue and interactivity (scripts). Paradigm on Customer Loyalty and branding communications in the field of digital marketing communications As described in Fig. 1 which proposes an integrative model of the effects of digital marketing communication on customer loyalty. This model consists of means of brand communication via different sources or channels.  · Moderators interactivity and personalization  · Outcomes -Perceived values and commitment,  · Customer loyalty, Mediators customer characteristics, situational factors, involvement, and relationship. By â€Å"brand communication† we refer the quality of communication between the brand and customers. It includes direct marketing, advertising, newsletters, or any other related consumer’s activity in a brand community. This complies the process of building brands and customer relationships is much more efficient than traditional media advertising as example given by Aaker and Joachimsthaler 2000, Duncan et al,1998. The presented model focused on how brand communication affecting customer loyalty. There are two main factors in building brand communication what are expected to affect customer loyalty and its frequency example, how many brand messages and content, promotional or relational. The main outcome in the model is customer loyalty is divided into behavioral example purchases and attitudinal loyalty or consumers brand attitude. For true customer loyalty to exist, a pattern of repeat purchases must be accompanied by a positive attitude ( Jakoby and Chestnut 1978). This distinguishes it from spurious loyalty, where only behavioral loyalty is detected with low relative attitudes (Dick and Basu 1994). Brand communication can also be personalized. For example, customer profiles or preferences effects the brand communication are constructed in customers minds through information so the assumption also mediating factors that affect how the loyalty effects of DMC are created. They can be used to create customized message content for different marketing segments or individual customers delivered via their chosen channels that increase the value of communication to the customer.   Identifying the content, timing, and channels are also personalized elements to look after. Brand contacts can differ interactively example customers can search the information or make inquiries, and can leave the feedback or various other activities with marketers or other customers can be processed. It leaves the positive effect on customer loyalty. Interactivity can be described as its divisions: Functions (e.g. a web contact form), Processes (e.g. that messages are contingent upon previous messages), Perceptions (how customers perceive interactivity), and time spent Brand (e.g. playing games on branded website). The effects of brand communication on customer loyalty can be verified from behavior and attitudes of the consumer: example purchases, visits, brand satisfaction attitudes, feedback forms etc E-Marketing Mix. The e-marketing mix considers the elements of presenting the marketing mix online. E-product strategies The buyer knows immediately about product features, the facts, not sales persons, consumers know what they get as the verity of choices available. The buying process is also customized for returning visitors, making repeat purchases easier. Organisations can also offer immediately ancillary products along with the main purchase. Example, the chance to buy extra printer cartridges along with your purchase of your printer online.   The product can also be customised to consumers needs. E-price strategies The Internet has made pricing very competitive. Many costs i.e. store costs, staff cost have disappeared .The Internet gives consumers the power to shop around for the best deal at a click of a button. The competition on pricing is unpredicted and global. . The online auction company www.ebay.com has grown in popularity with thousands of buyers and seller bidding daily. E-place strategies One of the biggest changes to the marketing mix is online purchasing. Consumers purchase direct from manufacturers cutting out retailers totally. The challenge for online retailers is to ensure that the product is delivered to the consumer within a reasonable time. Location is important within our place strategy. Online location can refer to where links are placed on other websites. Placing a link on www.google.com home page would generate high consumer traffic for you. Knowing your customer and knowing where they visit should help you understand where to place your online links and advertisements. E-promotion strategies Promoting products and service online is concerned with a number of issues. E-promotion includes: Having a domain name.: (A recognisable domain name is first stage towards e-promotion. Organisations such as egg.com have successfully positioned their brand on the online world. ) Banner promotions: (Placing banner advertisements on other WebPages )   Web public relations (WPR):   E-leaflets: Direct email: (It is a popular and common form of e-promotions, although slowly becoming the most hated my many consumersDirect emailing is also known as SPAM which stands for Sending Persistent Annoying eMail. (SPAM). ) Consumer online buying behavior. The consumers† buying behavior has always consider as a popular marketing issue, with broadly considered and also debated over the last decades. The principal approach, explaining fundamentals ways of customer behavior, mention the customer buying procedure as learning, information-processing and decision-making action categorized in various following steps: Identiï ¬ cation about a particular problem Search tool that contains information. Alternative evaluations. Purchasing making decision. Post-purchase behavior (Bettman, 1979; Dibb et al., 2001; Jobber, 2001; Boyd et al., 2002; Kotler, 2003;Brassington and Pettitt, 2003) To understand the mechanism of virtual online shopping and the consumer relationship behavior of the online customers is a main concern for practitioners challenging in the fast growing practical marketplace. By giving the constant expansion of using the Internet techniques in terms of user statistics, transaction volume and business infiltration to the huge amount of research attempt is not giving any kind of surprising. There is 20 per cent of Internet user in several countries who already purchase goods and services online (Taylor Nelson Sofres, 2002) while about     50 per cent of US net user frequently buying online. (Forrester Research, 2003). These kinds of development are regularly transforming e-commerce into a mainstream business activity while at the same time online customers are growing and practical vendor understand the importance and necessity for an expert and customer-oriented approach. While totally understand the needs of customers and behavior of the consumer who dealing online (Lee, 2002) while most of them â€Å" . . . continue to resist with how successfully to market and sell goods online† (Joines et al., 2003, p. 93). A very significant input in classify the rapidly growing number of investigate papers on the issue of the effective customer’s behavior is the study of Cheung et al. (2003). The ï ¬ ndings of their complete prose review are summarizing in a form that depict the major category of factors that disturbing the online consumer. Online marketer’s persuasion tools and the Web experience Next to the personal and external uncontrollable factors inï ¬â€šuencing the buying behavior, exposure of customers to the company’s marketing can affect the decision-making by providing inputs for the consumer’s black box where information is processed before the anal consumer’s decision is made (kolter, 2003). Online marketers can inï ¬â€šuence the decision making process of the virtual customers by engaging traditional, physical marketing tools but mainly by creating and delivering the proper online experience, the Web experience: a combination of online functionality, information, emotions, cues, stimuli and products/ services, in other words a complex mix of elements going beyond the 4Ps of the traditional marketing mix. The prime medium of delivering the Web experience is the corporate Web site, the interfacing platform between the ï ¬ rm and its online clients (Constantinides, 2002). Consumer Relationship management and ICT The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is now became a strategic imperative for all company as its efficient execution be able to add to customer satisfaction, reliability and maintenance and so, in general sale and replicate purchases (Feinberg Kadam 2002, Kotorov 2002, Anton Hoeck 2002). However, though CRM is consider as one of the fastest growing management approaches thay is   adopted across many business firms (Adebanjo 2003) and mainly tourism and hospitality firms (Sigala 2003), CRM operation is not mean to always delivered the predictable results (Rigby et al. 2002), many CRM initiative have unsuccessful (Early 2002, Feinberg Kadam 2002), while Kekoe (2002) notify that almost   20% of business executive were   claimed that CRM initiative had   been damage by   consumer relationships. With a result, several organisation in the tourism sector are presently surprised their CRM funds or delay implementation of their future project (Sigala 2003a). Furthermore, th e incapacity of CRM application to carry expected profit has not just intensify the legality of earlier findings and claims about the ICT productivity paradox (Sigala 2003b), but it is also boost with current investigate, which is reflect with the huge number of study investigative the grave success factor of CRM (e.g. Cann 1998, Rigby et al. 2002, Rheault Sheridan 2002). Though, even if these studies offer personal evidence of the impact of ICT management practice on CRM effectiveness, and also there is a lack of experimental studies that may questioning the association in between CRM association and presentation aspects (Tu et al. 2001). Karimi et al. (2001) showing the full force on ICT association to perform on consumer service application, but there   is a procedure has been   unsuccessful   for   providing full   proof of the relative of these create with concert profit. CRM: DEFINITION AND BENEFITS EVALUATION CRM realization is greatly reliant on and driven by ICT tools advances (Bradshaw Brash 2001), it is broadly argued that CRM is a combination of software, hardware, processes, management commitment, and application (Sigala 2003a, Rigby et al. 2002). The ICT tools exploitation and their integration with the applications of CRM are expected to take a number of benefits such as (Krishnan et al. 1999, Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons 1997): improved service and product quality; customer satisfaction; improved financial performance, higher productivity; and formation of barriers to entry; customer services and enhanced convenience through the initiation of new products and various other service/delivery channels. The diverse CRM tools enabling such benefits can be classified as follows (Dyche 2001, Karimi et al. 2001): operational tools for improving customer service, automating sales force, online marketing, etc; improving relationships, analytical for building data warehouses, analysing data e tc; collaborative for the creation of online communities, service personalization ;developing b2b customer exchanges, etc. Customer focused CRM applications help firms in enhancement of effectiveness and efficiency of customer service, online sales and marketing,aby automating: 1)asales forceaprocesses toareduce informationaasymmetry andadelays, and toaimprove efficiency; 2) callacentre’s andaintegrating customeradatabases to reduce staffarequirements and theatotal cost ofaownership of callacentres; 3) e-mailainteractions withacustomers to improveacustomer service andaservice efficiency andaintegrate e-mail, telephone andaweb interfaces; and 4) customer responsesaand profiles, tracking marketingacampaigns throughavarious media across a numberaof channels and managingaquote andaproposal processesafrom negotiationsato closing. Operational focusedaCRM processes benefitafirms in supply chainamanagement, orderamanagement andaservice field by: 1) usingadatabase information and supp lierapipeline processes toaforecast demandamore accuratelyaand create viableascheduling applications;a2) reducing overallaproductionacostsaby streamliningathe flow ofagoods through productionaprocesses and byaimproving informationaflow; and 3)aimproving lead time/qualityaand enabling moreacustomization at a loweracost. ICT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND CRM BENEFITS ICT managementasophistication is found toasignificantly moderate the materialisation of the fullaICT business valueaand has been traditionallyaused to characterise aafirm’s evolution in itsamanagement orientation,aplanning, organisationaand control aspectsaof its ICT functiona(Karimi et al. 2001, Sigala 2003b, Tallon et al. 2000). Greater ICTamanagement sophistication is characterised by (Karimi et al. 2001):athe IT manager beingaaware of the firm’s long-termastrategic plans; theafirm’s future strategicaplans being explicitly consideredaduring ICT planning; and theaICT performanceabeing evaluated based onacontribution to the overallafirm’s objectives andanotexclusively on cost savings.aParallel, in firms withahigh ICT managementasophistication, top managementais expected to have greateraknowledge about ICT andaparticipate moreaactively in ICTaplanning.   Moreover,astudies investigatingathe ICT productivityaparadox have also revealedathat CRM benefitsâ₠¬â„¢ materialization depends onathe sophistication ofaICT management as CRM successais inhibited/facilitated by theafollowing factors: failure to developaa CRM strategy andaadopt a strategic orientationa(Cann 1998, Rigby et al. 2002, Sigala 2003a); lack of robustaimplementation approaches (Rheault Sheridan 2002, Adebanjo 2003); lack ofameasurement tools (Abbot 2001); selectionaand configuration of theaCRM tools according to businessaprocesses and strategic goals (Rheault Sheridan 2002; Adebanjo 2003); ICTaimplementation and integration (Cavaye 1995, Adebanjo 2003, Sigala 2003a); ICTamanagement (Karimi et al. 2001); and management of organisationalachange, cultural management (Corner Hinton 2002, Sigala 2003a, Fjermestad Romano 2003).   Previous research (Karimi et al. 2001, Tallon et al. 2000) has also proved thatacorporate strategic ICTagoals have a direct as well as anaindirect (by influencing the wayaorganisations plan, invest, useaand monitor ICT projects) impact onaICT be nefits. Based on this analysisathe followingahypotheses can beaproposed: H1) managers in firms with moreafocused goals for ICT will perceiveagreater CRM benefits; and H2) managers claiming higherasophistication in their ICT managementapractices will perceiveahigher CRM benefits. References Urban, Glen L. 2004. Digital Marketing Strategy: Text and Cases, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Coviello, Nicole E., Roger Milley and Barbara Marcolin. 2001. â€Å"Understanding IT-enabled Interactivity in Contemporary Marketing.† Journal of Interactive Marketing 15 (4): 18-33. Aaker, David A. and Erich Joachimsthaler. 2000. Brand Leadership. New York: The Free Press. Duncan, Tom and Sandra E. Moriarty. 1998. â€Å"A Communication-Based Marketing Model for Managing   Relationships.† Journal of Marketing 62 (April): 1-13. Jacoby, Jacob Chestnut, Robert. 1978. Brand Loyalty: Measurement and Management. New York: Wiley. Dick, Alan S. and Kunal Basu. 1994. â€Å"Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework†, Journal   of the Academy of Marketing Science 22 (2): 99-113 Bettman, J.R. (1979), An Information-Processing Theory of   Consumer Choice, Addison-Wesley, Glen View, IL. Dibb, S., Simkin, L., Pride, W.P. and Ferrell, O.C. (2001), Marketing Concepts and Strategies, 3rd ed., Houghton-Mifï ¬â€šin Company, Boston, MA. Boyd, H.W., Walker, O.C., Mullins, J. and Larre ´ che ´ , J-C. (2002), Marketing Management, A Strategic Decision-Making Approach, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Columbus, OH. Kotler, P. (2003), Marketing Management, 11th ed., Prentice-Hall International Editions, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2003), Principles of Marketing, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall/Financial Times,Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Taylor Nelson Sofres (2002), The TNS Interactive – Global eCommerce Report,availableat;www.tnsofres.com/ ger2002/home.cfm Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2003), Principles of Marketing, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall/Financial Times,Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Forrester Research (2003), â€Å"Forrester Research projects US ecommerce to hit nearly $230 billion†, press release,   available at: www.forrester.com/ER/Press/Release/ 0,1769,823,00.html, and â€Å"Consumer technographics: the online consumer 1998 to 2003†, available at: www.forrester.com/ER/Research/Brief/Excerpt/ 0,1317,17225,00.html Lee, P-M. (2002), â€Å"Behavioral model of online purchasers in e-commerce environment†, Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 2, pp. 75-85. Constantinides, E. (2002), â€Å"The 4S Web-marketing mix model, e-commerce research and applications†, Elsevier Science, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 57-76. Feinberg, R., and Kadam, R. (2002). e-CRM web service attributes as determinants of customer satisfaction with retail Web sites, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13 (5), 432 – 451 Anton, J., and Hoeck, M. (2002). ebusiness Customer Service, The Anton Press: Santa Monica, CA Adebanjo, D. (2003). Classifying and selecting e-CRM applications: an analysis based proposal, Management Decision, 41 (6), 570 – 577 Sigala, M. (2003a). Implementing Customer Relationship Management in the hotel sector: Does ‘IT’ always matter?†, 11th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) â€Å"New Paradigms in Organisations, Market and Society’: UniveS. Cuore, Naples, Italy 16 – 23 June, 2003 Kekoe, L. (2002). Long live e-business: software is finding a new role in helping companies to share information effectively†, Financial Times, March 16, 14 Cann, C. (1998). Eight steps to building a B2B relationship, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 13 ( ¾), 393 – 405 Rigby, D., Reichheld, E., Schefter, P. (2002). Avoiding the four perils of CRM, Harvard Business Review, 80 (2), 101 – 109 Rheault, D., and Sheridan, S. (2002). Reconstruct your business around the customer, The Journal of Business Strategy, 23 (2), 101 – 109 Karimi, J., Somers, T., and Gupta, Y. (2001). Impact of Information Technology Management Practices on Customer Service†, Journal of Management Information Systems, 17 (4), 125 – 158 Krishnan, M., Ramaswamy, V, Meyers, M. and Damien, P. (1999). Customer satisfaction for financial services: the role of products, services ad information technology. Management Science, 45(9), 1194 – 1209 Fitzsimmons, J. and Fitzsimmons, M. (1997). Services Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information technology. Irwin: New York. Dyche, J. (2001). The CRM handbook: a Business Guide to CRM, Addison Wiley: Boston, MA Abbott, J. (2001). Data data everywhere   and not a byte of use. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 4 (3), 182 – 192 Rheault, D., and Sheridan, S. (2002). Reconstruct your business around the customer, The Journal of Business Strategy, 23 (2), 101 – 109 Adebanjo, D. (2003). Classifying and selecting e-CRM applications: an analysis based proposal, Management Decision, 41 (6), 570 – 577 Corner, I., and Hinton, M. (2002). Customer relationship management systems: implementation risks and relationship dynamics, Qualitative Market Research: An international Journal, 5 (4), 239 – 251 Fjermestad, J., and Romano, N. (2003). Electronic customer relationship management: revisiting the general principles of usability and resistance – an integrative implementation framework, Business Process Management Journal, 9 (5), 572 – 591 Tallon, P., Kraemer, K. and Gurbaxani, V. (2000). Executives’ perceptions of the business value of information technology: a process-oriented approach, Journal of MIS, 16 (4), 145 – 173

Legitimacy of the US actions in the Gulf War essays

Legitimacy of the US actions in the Gulf War essays  @Were the actions taken by the UN legitimate? Legitimacy is defined by Franck as a property of a rule or rule making institution which itself exerts a pull toward compliance on those addressed normatively because those addressed believe that the rule or institution has come into being and operates in accordance with generally accepted principles of right process. The UN Security is supposed to be, in practice, the final arbitrator of its final authority for the new world order that is claimed for tomorrow. However, in actuality there is a lack of legitimacy, and the author shows this by diving into four aspects; the indeterminacy of the legal authority of Res 678, the great power pressure diplomacy, its unrestricted character, and in the Council fs hasty retreat from nonviolent sanctioning alternatives permissible under it. These are all interconnected in some way, and they all show that the UN S.C did not act in accordance to the core principles and purposes of the UN in settling international disputes. The indeterminate legal authority for Resolution 678 In resolution 660, the UN explicitly stated that they were acting under Art. 39 and 40 of the charter. However, in res 678 that precision was not used, at least in the use of force. This ambiguity is dangerous. Therfore the author talks about several articles that this enforcement could have been under. Article 42(the authorization of the SC to take military actions)-was not the legal basis for the use of military force. Why? Because of the articles dependant relationship with article 43, pursuant to which the UN membership consents to provide the SC on its call and in accordance with special agreements with armed forces, assistance and facilities to effectuate article 42. Since this makes it so whatever military action the SC might take to ensure int fl peace and security have to be premised otherwise, this article is considered a dead letter. Article 51 (coll...

How To Live in a Frank Lloyd Wright Design

How To Live in a Frank Lloyd Wright Design American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) is alive and well. Believing that philosophy is more important than design, Wrights aesthetic - harmony, nature, organic architecture - is recognizable in the patterns of his design. Do not try to teach design, he wrote at Taliesin. Teach principles. The real Frank Lloyd Wright blueprints are his unwavering ideals. Do the comfortable, Prairie style houses make your heart skip a beat? Have you always dreamed of owning a Frank Lloyd Wright masterpiece like Fallingwater? Okay, maybe not so much water. But how about a Wright Usonian home, like the Zimmerman House in New Hampshire? Brick and wood and a wall of windows bring nature into your living space, blurring the lines between outside and inside. Frank Lloyd Wright (FLW) built hundreds of private homes, and every year a few change ownership. In 2013, The Wall Street Journal reported that about 20 homes were on the market from the approximately 270 privately owned FLW residences. Many of the homes by Mr. Wright pose challenges, reports the WSJ. Small kitchens, no basements, narrow doorways, built-in furniture, and leaks are just a few of the difficulties for the modern homeowner. When you buy a Wright, youre buying a piece of history important to many people - some might say to too many people. Wright fans will always be lurking around your house if you buy an original. Many of Wrights homes are in the Wisconsin / Illinois area, and every year thats where most of the turnover is. Wright architecture outside of this area is more rare and may tend to be on the market for longer periods of time. The Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy keeps track of Wright houses currently for sale  - Wright on the Market. If theres nothing by Wright in your city, consider hiring an architect to custom design a new home in the spirit of the master. Without a doubt, the premier firm for Wright-inspired creations used to be Taliesin Associated Architect (TA). From Wrights death in 1959 until the group reorganized in 2003, TA continued the architectural practice established by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1893. The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture maintains two design studios, one at Taliesin West in Arizona and another at Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin. An architect who has trained or apprenticed at either Taliesin may better understand the spirit of Wrights architecture. The Taliesin Fellows stay connected but practice privately after graduation. The first thing you may want to do, though, is take a tour at either Taliesin. Architects dont need to train at Taliesin to design like Wright, but these former Taliesin Fellows present a delightful array of their own designs: Michael Rust; Richard A. Keding; Aaron G. Green; William Arthur Patrick, founder of Midglen Studio; Barry Peterson at Studio 300A Architecture; Jeremiah (Jaimie) Kimber at j kimber design; Floyd Hamblen; and Anthony Puttnam, Architect, LLC. For more about modern-day architecture inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright, check out the books A Living Architecture: Frank Lloyd Wright and Taliesin Architects by John Rattenbury (2000) and John H. Howe, Architect: From Taliesin Apprentice to Master of Organic Design by Jane King Hession (2015). Private homeowners generally cant use original Frank Lloyd Wright blueprints. The folks at Florida Southern College, however, already had Usonian house plans Wright had designed for the campus in 1939. Construction of the house was finished in 2013 and you can tour it and the entire Lakeland, Florida campus. Taliesin architects can be pricey, no doubt. If youre building on a budget, consider purchasing construction-ready building plans for a Prairie style house. While not duplicates of Wrights work, many of these stock plans resemble the rambling homes that Frank Lloyd Wright designed - and they can be modified by your local architect. A number of companies offer plans for Wright-inspired houses. Remember that Wright first experimented with the Prairie design way back in 1893 - before 1900 Wright had developed the modern design loved today, but variations were made in Wrights own lifetime. The Prairie house style is just that - a style that inspired many adaptations . Even if your new home is not a Wright original, it can incorporate his most popular details. Evoke the spirit of the master through furniture, glassware, textiles, lighting, and wallpapers. Frank Lloyd Wright is well-known for his built-in furniture and bookcases, but his reproduction housewares can be found everywhere. Especially popular are Wright-type hanging lights. After author T.C. Boyle bought a Frank Lloyd Wright house in Montecito, California, he was inspired to write one of the most popular books about Wright, a fictionalized account of Wrights love affairs called The Women. Maybe you could be the next T.C. Boyle. Sources Seeking the Wright Path at Taliesin West by Logan Ward, Architect Magazine, December 9, 2014The Pleasures and Pitfalls of Frank Lloyd Wright Homes by Joann S. Lublin, The Wall Street Journal, May 16, 2013 at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323372504578469410621274292Taliesin ARchitects Reorganized by Jim Goulka, Taliesin Fellows Newsletter, Number 12, July 15, 2003 at http://re4a.com/wp-content/uploads/taliesinfellows_Jul03.pdf [accessed November 21, 2013]Frank Lloyd Wright On Architecture: Selected Writings (1894-1940), Frederick Gutheim, ed., Grossets Universal Library, 1941, p. 214 SUMMARY Start packing. You can live in a house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright - or one that looks like it might have been. Heres how: Buy an Original Wright-Designed HouseBuild a Wright-Like House Designed by a Taliesin FellowUse Mail Order Stock House PlansAdd Wright Details to Your Home

Japan Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japan Business - Term Paper Example There were  many  periods in the history of Japan, but the first period was of Prehistoric Period that began around 10,000  BC  and the inhabitants of the Japan lived by hunting, gathering, and fishing. During the post-war period, the economy of the Japan experiences the  boom  and  massive  boom  came by the Korean War. The Japan came as the crucial power in different economic spheres such as, car manufacturing, electronic and steel manufacturing. Business History Society of Japan  was prearranged  in the year 1964 (Karan, 2010). In 1989,  the economy of the Japan marked the most rapid economic growth that spurts the history of Japan as Nikkei 225  reach  to the record high of 39,000, due to the strong Yen and favourable exchange rate in comparison with dollar. Geography Mountain Islands of Japan is in the eastern coast of Asia that served as the protective barrier as mentioned in  history. The Japan has the insular nature along with the  main  terr itory  and cultural homogeneity of individuals. The country has four islands, which are: Kyushu, Honshu, Hokkaido, and Shikoku. Islands in the Japan  stretch  1100  Km  from the major islands. Tokyo is the capital of Japan that covers 13000 square kilometres. Small number of habitant has promoted  terrain. Land is reclaiming through the sea by dikes construction and drainage along with rice paddies, which is the main export of the country to other countries. Rivers in Japan are less than 300  Km, but there rapid  flow  through the mountains gave renewable and  valuable  resources such as, hydroelectric power generation. Coastal shipping around the Inland Sea compensates the lack of  navigable  river. Natural Resources The Japan has fewer natural resources such as, gold, coal, silver, and magnesium; therefore, the Japan depends over the export of its natural resources along with the energy resources and raw materials. As the country has the  large  marit ime area, the Japan is one of the first producers of the fishing products. In Japan, only 15% of the land is suitable for cultivation. Two main crops of Japan are Tea and rice; therefore, the agricultural economy of the country  is subsidized  and protected. Agriculture of the country contributes into the  GDP  and employs up to 5 % of the active population. Industrial sector of the country  is diversified  and covers steel and paper along with the highly technological products such as, biotechnology, nanotechnology, renewable energy, automobile, and robotics. The Japan is the second largest car manufacturer and ships in all over the world. Industrial sector of the country contributes into the 30% of the  GDP. Political/Legal System Political and legal  system  of the Japan presents the  complicated  picture. In one side, The Japan is the democratic  state  having the  strong  legal and civic institutions, and on the other side the country shows the cha racteristics of non-democratic systems. The Japan has the  democracy, the Liberal Democratic Party that runs the country after the World War  II. The Japan is also  bureaucratic; decisions that impact the national  policy  are taken  by the ministries having the  substantial  power  that ties with industrial and business groups. The Japan legal system is different from the Westerners. After 1986 foreign legal

Security automation in oil and gas companies Research Paper

Security automation in oil and gas companies - Research Paper Example At the same time, the future trends related to SA systems are presented. The work of firms that develop such systems, such as ABB, Siemens, Rockwell Automation, SELEX and Duos Technologies, is discussed; the SA systems of the above firms are explored as of their characteristics and implications. It seems that existing SA systems can highly promote security in regard to daily operations of firms in the oil and gas industry. However, failures are difficult to be eliminated. The use of supportive tests and tools, such as SCADA software, is considered as unavoidable for ensuring the high performance of SA systems. In the future also, a similar practice would be employed since failures are indispensable part of all computerized systems, such as the SA systems. The oil and gas industry is highly exposed to a series of risks. Reference can be made, for example, to the risks from exceeding initial budget or planned costs and the risks related to ‘assets damages and injuries of people’ (Bigliani 2013, p.1). The pollution caused to environment due to failures in daily operations of the relevant industrial units is also another aspect of risks that the firms operating in oil and gas industry are likely to face (Bigliani 2013). The last few years another type of risk has appeared in the oil and gas industry: failures in cybersecurity of the industry’s firms (Radvanovsky & Brodsky 2013). The virus attack against the computer systems of Saudi Aramco in August 2012 resulted to severe problems in the operations of most of the company’s units; in total, about 30,000 units of the firm were infected by the above virus (Bigliani 2013, p.5). The introduction of Security Automation Systems in the oil and gas industry has been co nsidered as the most appropriate solution for addressing the industry’s risks. The structure, role and terms of implementation and operation of these systems are explored in this paper. Emphasis is given to the current state

IN THE ESTATES OF NICKY AND LYDIA GRAY Case Study

IN THE ESTATES OF NICKY AND LYDIA GRAY - Case Study Example However a practitioner must advise the executors to publish an advertisement in the London Gazette and in the news paper having circulation in the district where the respective assets of the deceased are situate, for any liabilities owed by them. This is a requirement under section 27(1) of the Trustee Act 1925. As per what is known as Benjamin order 1, if it is not practicable to advertise, court should be approached for an order to distribute the estate assuming that all debts have been ascertained.2 As per s 34 and schedule 1 of Administration of Estates Act, it should be ensured that all debts are paid with due diligence, formal discharge or receipts for payments should be obtained and obtain a clearance certificate for tax liability on the estate of the deceased from the Capital Taxes office, and ensure that Department of Social Services does not have any claim on the estate,3 In addition any mortgage debt should be paid after payment of funeral expenses.4 Since it has been ment ioned that the Greenfield 'was left in trust for life ', it should be examined whether exemption from inheritance tax can be claimed under Trustees Act. The gift of violin to Beatrice will be exempted from Inheritance Tax if value is below 3,000, even though the deceased Nicky Gray had not survived for 7 years from the date of gift for availing exemption from the said tax. As the value of the Nicky Gray's property is said to be 500,000 as per the offer the executors in trust have received which is in excess of the 300,000, it is subject to Inheritance tax. The value of other assets also must be added to this value to compute inheritance tax which at present is 40% of the nil rate band of 300,000 for the year 2007-2008 and 350,000 thereafter upto April 2010. The executors may liable to pay the inheritance tax within six months of the testator's death and then only apply for Probate with evidence of having paid some or all of the tax due. The executors also should apply for probate in the probate court either in Principal Registry in London or in an applicable district probate court as the case may be and obtain a probate order from t he court. This is an authority conferred by the court on the executors to deal with the estate of the deceased in accordance with their Will. This will also help get access to Lydia Gray's bank account on being produced at the identified bank. Nicky Gray's Will Nicky's Green filed house is to be held in trust by Howard and Elaine Gray for life and then what ever is the remainder of the house will go to Alan Gray. Since Alan Gray is also one of the executors, he took the probate but is not taking any action. As Howard Gray and Elaine Gray who are ninety years old, they better appoint Administrators on their behalf to carry out the Will's administration. Subject to clarification regarding exemption from inheritance tax, it is only after the payment of inheritance tax, the court will issue grant with which the executors can deal with the property. The executors in order to pay the inheritance tax have to borrow money or meet from their own funds initially. They have to maintain an account for every beneficiary to see. They can distribute the balance amount of the estate after deducting the tax so paid and other expenses incurred and other liabilities paid if any. Under

Managed care organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managed care organizations - Research Paper Example According to the official Aenta, Inc. website, the company provides care by providing health insurance for consumers which pays for doctor’s visits, medication, and other procedures (Aenta Inc). Aetna, Inc provides specific plans for individuals and families (Aenta Inc). They also provide special plans for employers to offer their employees. The cost of each plan depends on a variety of factors including pre-existing health conditions, deductibles, and locations. In looking at this particular plan, it does not appear to be as big of a company as other managed care organizations, so I might be less apt to trust it. As a patient, I would choose the individual plan and ensure that my coverage included prescriptions and hospital stays as these would be particularly important to me. Humana Inc, Humana Inc is another managed care organization that offers health insurance coverage to its consumers. As one of the better known health insurance companies, Humana Inc has an extensive are a of health care plans for consumers such as Medicare, individual, dental, vision, veteran, and insurance through employers (Humana Inc).

TBA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TBA - Research Paper Example This automotive racing world forwarded through the use of new technology and development. It is true that global environment is getting affected due to high consumption of fossil fuel and growing emission level of Carbon. The huge popularity of World Motorsport and negative impact on the environment forced the automotive industry, Energy department of United States of America and Environmental protection agency of the United States of America started to take the initiative to manufacture and design green racing vehicles. It is true that high sped and heavy racing vehicles need huge energy to perform effectively in a race. But, the automotive industry decided that the time has come to harness the creativity, innovation and efficiency to improve the effectiveness of the vehicles both on the track and off the track. Motorsport is considered as one of the popular sporting events that significantly contributed to the socio-cultural and economical development of a country. In addition to this, these specific events help to attract global visitors to experience the events. Looking into these aspects, several regulatory bodies, government of country and motorsport agency try to maintain sustainability of world motorsport events. It is clear from the introduction that the governmental bodies and motorsport agency is trying to introduce green motorsport racing in order to maintain environmental sustainability. Following discussion will help the readers to understand about its historical implication, economic and social issues and cultural perspective of this green motorsport racing event. Massive use of fossil fuel affects the environmental balance. High carbon emission level is the major consequence of the consumption of fossil fuel. It is known to all that motorsport vehicles consume high every fossil fuel as energy resources. In addition to this, consumption level of fuels is

Food Insecurity in Ethiopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Food Insecurity in Ethiopia - Essay Example Ethiopia has a population of approximately 75 million people, making it the second most heavily populated country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the people in Ethiopia rely on agriculture as the main means of subsistence, and the agricultural industry is controlled by smallholder agriculture. The risk of famine in Ethiopia is extremely high. With the fast increase in population, food shortage has escalated. The researcher gives some explanations on Ethiopian market, that is still weak, with extensive price fluctuations and instability. Besides fast increasing population, the causes of food insecurity include incompetence in the organisational, institutional, policy, market, and production sectors. Food security is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a condition â€Å"when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life†. Due to the complexity of the causes of famine, manifold measures are needed to le ssen or totally prevent it from occurring. To conclude, the researcher sums up that food insecurity in Ethiopia has been primarily caused by rapid growth of population, environmental destruction, and overexploitation of natural resources, recurring drought, climate change, poverty, and civil conflicts. Ethiopian governments have made an attempt to resolve the country’s food insecurity. Unfortunately, as the researcher states none of these measures have effectively dealt with the issue. Therefore, drastically new measures are needed.

TBA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TBA - Research Paper Example This automotive racing world forwarded through the use of new technology and development. It is true that global environment is getting affected due to high consumption of fossil fuel and growing emission level of Carbon. The huge popularity of World Motorsport and negative impact on the environment forced the automotive industry, Energy department of United States of America and Environmental protection agency of the United States of America started to take the initiative to manufacture and design green racing vehicles. It is true that high sped and heavy racing vehicles need huge energy to perform effectively in a race. But, the automotive industry decided that the time has come to harness the creativity, innovation and efficiency to improve the effectiveness of the vehicles both on the track and off the track. Motorsport is considered as one of the popular sporting events that significantly contributed to the socio-cultural and economical development of a country. In addition to this, these specific events help to attract global visitors to experience the events. Looking into these aspects, several regulatory bodies, government of country and motorsport agency try to maintain sustainability of world motorsport events. It is clear from the introduction that the governmental bodies and motorsport agency is trying to introduce green motorsport racing in order to maintain environmental sustainability. Following discussion will help the readers to understand about its historical implication, economic and social issues and cultural perspective of this green motorsport racing event. Massive use of fossil fuel affects the environmental balance. High carbon emission level is the major consequence of the consumption of fossil fuel. It is known to all that motorsport vehicles consume high every fossil fuel as energy resources. In addition to this, consumption level of fuels is

Nurse Ratched Essay Example for Free

Nurse Ratched Essay A former army nurse, Nurse Ratched represents the oppressive mechanization, dehumanization, and emasculation of modern society—in Bromden’s words, the Combine. Her nickname is â€Å"Big Nurse,† which sounds like Big Brother, the name used in George Orwell’s novel 1984 to refer to an oppressive and all-knowing authority. Bromden describes Ratched as being like a machine, and her behavior fits this description: even her name is reminiscent of a mechanical tool, sounding like both â€Å"ratchet† and â€Å"wretched.† She enters the novel, and the ward, â€Å"with a gust of cold. † Ratched has complete control over every aspect of the ward, as well as almost complete control over her own emotions. In the first few pages we see her show her â€Å"hideous self† to Bromden and the aides, only to regain her doll-like composure before any of the patients catch a glimpse. Her ability to present a false self suggests that the mechanistic and oppressive forces in society gain ascendance through the dishonesty of the powerful. Without being aware of the oppression, the quiet and docile slowly become weakened and gradually are subsumed. Nurse Ratched does possess a nonmechanical and undeniably human feature in her large bosom, which she conceals as best she can beneath a heavily starched uniform. Her large breasts both exude sexuality and emphasize her role as a twisted mother figure for the ward. She is able to act like â€Å"an angel of mercy† while at the same time shaming the patients into submission; she knows their weak spots and exactly where to peck. The patients try to please her during the Group Meetings by airing their dirtiest, darkest secrets, and then they feel deeply ashamed for how she made them act, even though they have done nothing. She maintains her power by the strategic use of shame and guilt, as well as by a determination to â€Å"divide and conquer† her patients. McMurphy manages to ruffle Ratched because he plays her game: he picks up on her weak spots right away. He uses his overt sexuality to throw her off her machinelike track, and he is not taken in by her thin facade of compassion or her falsely therapeutic tactics. When McMurphy rips her shirt open at the  end of the novel, he symbolically exposes her hypocrisy and deceit, and she is never able to regain power.

Effect of President Visits on the Economy

Effect of President Visits on the Economy Chinese President’s visit to Pakistan and its effects on Pakistan’s economy Pakistan and China have been associates subsequent to numerous years. Pakistan and China has dependably been remaining for one another through every thick and slim. All arrangements were made to accord warm welcome to the Chinese President Xi Jinping who landed on a two-day state visit to Pakistan. Chinese President Xi Jinpings visit to Pakistan a week ago was a greatly huge improvement for Pakistan-China relations as well as for the locale and past. It empowered the two nations to reaffirm the significance that they connected to their vital relationship and pronounce their aim to fortify it further. Both the nations closed various imperative Agreements/MoUs identifying with key improvement extends in the framework, vitality, and correspondence areas under the ambit of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor including in all Chinese venture and monetary bolster adding up to $46 billion. The Chinese president went by Pakistan when Kashmir issue was at the end of the day hot after Indian activity against protestors in Indian Held Kashmir and capturing Hurriyat pioneers. Counter-Terrorism, Pak-Afghan collaboration and compromise in Afghanistan, circumstance in Yemen were the issues that went under discourse for the enhancement of both the nations. The two nations additionally consented to raise the level of reciprocal exchange from the current level of $15 billion to $20 billion inside the following three years. The becoming vital and security connections in the middle of China and Pakistan, highlighted amid the visit, served the reason for provincial solidness. Significant force from different districts couldnt however observe these earth shattering improvements and their suggestions for local and worldwide security. This visit was the most imperative to highlight the Pakistan-China Year of Friendly Exchanges. This was the Chinese Presidents first outside visit this year. Imperative understandings identified with different ranges were likewise marked on this event. President Xi Jinping gave the nations most astounding common grant, the Nishan-e-Pakistan at an extraordinary instatement function, sorted out at the Presidency. Amid the visit, President Xi Jinping tended to the Joint Session of Parliament. The considerable accomplishment as a consequence of the visit incorporated the agreements relating to Pak-China monetary passageway took after by 69 understandings in different divisions between the two nations. The agreements were having universal ramifications as well as considered as key for financial improvement in Pakistan. Experts keep up that other national and universal issues cant be disregarded that are critical for the two nations. Every one of these understandings if effectively finished then they may change the economy of Pakistan all things considered. These and different activities marked amid President Xi Jinpings visit, if executed proficiently and with straightforwardness and genuineness, would support the methodology of monetary improvement in the nation. The administration must make dire strides so that these tasks dont turn into the casualty of bureaucratic postponements. It would be prudent to build a devoted office staffed by all around prepared and legit officers to guarantee their smooth execution. It is gladdening to hear that the administration has effectively settled a committed security division staffed by 10,000 work force from the armed force, police and common military for giving moron evidence security to Chinese engineers and different natives taking a shot at CPEC ventures. Against the background of the changing universal and territorial circumstances, they noticed that Pakistan-China re lationship had obtained more noteworthy noteworthiness and consented to raise it to the level of All Weather Strategic Cooperative Partnership. In this setting, they chose to improve vital coordination to defend their normal intrigues, grow further safeguard collaboration, and advance shared participation in space advancements and their application. These choices, which are liable to take Pakistan-China vital collaboration to a subjectively much larger amount, ought to be examined against the foundation of the expanding key and security participation between the US and India. It would be reviewed that the US had announced its proposition in March, 2005 to help India grow as a significant politically influential nation of the 21st century. It remains Americas trust that such a solid India would go about as a stabilizer to the development of the Chinese power and impact in South Asia and the Indian Ocean locales. The US backing to India in security fields likewise convey the dangers from Pakistan’s perspective of irritating the vital adjust in South Asia. The choice to improve Pakistan-China vital and security collaboration, thusly, would help in fortifying soundness in South Asia. It would likewise empower China to have simple access to the Arabian Sea, bypassing the US endeavors to contain the southward extension of its impact. These improvements significantly have both territorial and worldwide ramifications. It was consequently that the joint articulation noticed that kinship and collaboration in the middle of Pakistan and China serve the crucial hobbies of the two nations and people groups, and add to peace, solidness and advancement in the district and past. Other outstanding improvements amid the visit were the choice of the two nations to proceed with their two-sided collaboration in common atomic vitality and bolster a complete and agreement based arrangement of the issue of the UN Security Council change. They repeated their backing to the Afghan-claimed and Afghan-drove peace and compromise handle in Afghanistan. China likewise bolstered Pakistans endeavors to turn into a full individual from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization at an early date. President Xi Jinpings visit to Pakistan was a monster venture forward in reinvigorating Pakistan-China kinship and collaboration in vital, security and financial fields. It has additionally sent the right flags in light of a legitimate concern for fortifying local and worldwide peace and security. The CPEC venture and the different financial agreements marked amid the visit would reinforce monetary connections in the middle of China and Pakistan, and help the recent in beating its vitality emergency and quickening its monetary advancement. Then again, the lesson of history is that in a definitive examination monetary advancement is the aftereffect of a countrys own particular endeavors. Outside help can just assume a peripheral part in this procedure. It stays to be seen whether Pakistan as a country and its authority have the intelligence and the resolve to convey forward this essential errand effectively. References: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/islamabad/20-Apr-2015/chinese-president-arrives-on-historic-two-day-visit-today http://tribune.com.pk/story/876286/agreements-signed-between-pakistan-and-china/